Monday, February 9, 2009

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)


*Systemic is use
*Lupus is Latin for wolf. It refers to the rash that extends across the bridge of the nose and upper cheekbones and was thought to resemble a wolf bite
*Erythematosus is from the Greek word for red and refers to the color of the rash

*chronic autoimmune connective tissue damage
*autoimmunity=production of antibodies against tissue of one's own body
*results in tissue damage and inflammation


normal person:

-white blood cells (WBC) mobilized to rid infections (eg viruses)
-WBC gathers & produces factors
-surrounding swells & healthy tissues injured
-immune system repairs wounds/clots
-healing process is stable, controlled and limits itself

SLE patient:

-overactive immune cells
-antigens induces formation of antibodies because immune system recognises it as a threat
-immune cells attacks antigens
-the interaction of immune cells and antigens causes antibodies to recognise a higher, stronger more persistent range, beyond the normal healthy
-the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and blood are affected
-also causeskidney disease, stroke, and premature cardiovascular disease in women of childbearing age
-might be passed down through inheritance



*Dermatological manifestations: butterfly rash, lesions on the skin, mouth, nasal, and vaginal ulcers

*Musculoskeletal manifestations: lupus arthritis, deformaties or joint/knee discomfort

*Hematological manifestations: anemia, low platelet and white blood cell count

*Pulmonary manifestations: shrinking lung syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage

*Renal involvement: acute/chronic renal impairment

*Neuropsychiatric manifestations: seizures or psychosis

*Systemic manifestations: fatigue, poor sleep, depression, poor physical fitness

Butterfly Rash

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B)Causation of autoimmune type I diabetes mellitus (caused by own body)

*pancreas have beta-cells
*beta-cells are responsible for production of insulin
*insulin brings blood glucose levels down especially during hyperglycaemic conditions (blood pressure above 90mg/100ml of blood)
*beta-cells detect the changes in blood glucose


normal condition: beta-cells maintains homeostasis by secreting the hormone insulin into the bloodstream

patient with type I diabetes: autoimmunity occurs causing immune system to attack and destroy beta-cells

*autoimmunity occurs when there is an overproduction of antibodies or white blood cells over-recognising

*patients with type I diabetes, their beta-cells are affected and are unable to produce insulin, hence, are unable to lower blood glucose levels
*this is a permanent affair
*this affects glycolytic pathways by:

1.increasing glycogenesis (more glucose converts to glycogen due to excess)
2.increase conversion of glucose->fat (liver)
3.increase amino acid degradation

type 1 diabetes is due to absence of insulin (usually of inheritance-insulin injections into blood)

type 2 diabetes is due to insulin resistance (diet & medications to reduce prevalence/onset)



REFERENCES
http://www.medicinenet.com/systemic_lupus/article.htm
http://www.lupusny.org/lupus.php
http://health.howstuffworks.com/systemic-lupus-erythematosus-in-depth.htm/printable
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus#Abnormalities_in_apoptosis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1#Prevention
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_type_2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmunity



By: Michelle

1 comment:

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Sharmi & Revi

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kanthea, Michelle,Belinda, Eveleen

kanthea, Michelle,Belinda, Eveleen