Prior to the diagnosis period, it is speculated that the regulatory T cells are unable to control cytotoxic T cells directed against self proteins.
CD4 and CD8 T cells coordinate to attack and destroy insulin-producing cells.
At the same time, B cells from the bone marrow are making antibodies against beta cell proteins. Thus, both T and B cells are engaged in the destruction process.
Though there may be some beta cell reformation that replaces destroyed cells, over the years there is a greater net destruction than replacement.
When the 80% of the beta cells are reduced the body is unable to secrete insulin.
Thus, blood sugar levels increase causing diabetes.
-KANTHEA
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